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short case 1801006114

This is an online E log book to discuss our patient's de-identified health data shared after taking his/her/guardian's signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patient's problems through series of inputs from global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patient's clinical problems with collective current best evidence based inputs. 


This E log book also reflects my patient-centred online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on the comment box is welcome."I've been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of "patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with a diagnosis and treatment plan.



CHEIF COMPLAINTS :-

A 79 year old male was brought to the OPD with cheif complaints of cough since 20 days ,C/o altered sensorium since 3 days, difficulty in swallowing since 1 month and fever since 10 days


HOPI:
Patient was apparently asymptomatic 20days back then  he developed cough insidious in onset and gradually progressive. PRODUCTIVE but patient is not able to spit it out. Difficulty in swallowing.


H/o cough on intake of liquids.
 H/o change of voice since 20 days, insidious, hoarse in character and 
 SLURRING OF SPEECH +present
No h/o difficulty in breathing, breathlessness, hemoptysis

 Fever since 10 days -high grade. O/e Chills and rigors + (38 spikes).
N/h/o vomiting, chest pain, loose stools.

7 YEARS BACK:(2016)
He developed head ache at around afternoon 2pm and followed by vomtings and left hand itching and weakness.

PATIENT  is awake on that night due to left hand weakness and itching

NEXT DAY 
MORNING they took him to hospital 
Patient can lift his hand 
But unable to hold objects

AFTER 3 DAYS
PATIENT became left sided hemiplegia.

MRI REPORT- 3 INFARCTS

Patient stayed for 40 days in hospital and there was no improvement and discharged.

He took liquids for 3months because patient is unable to eat solid foods.then he slowing started eating solid foods.

AFTER 1 YEAR (2017):
vomitings 
Fever 
Shivering  for 3 days
 
Diagnosed with urinary tract infection 
Took treatment (antibiotics) for 5 days and it resolved

AFTER 3 YEARS:(2020)
Cough for 2days 
Fever on 2nd day
Diagnosed with covid
He got COVID for 1st time and resolved

After 1 year(2021)
 
He was Diagnosed with COVID for 2nd time and resolved 

1 YEARS back (2022)
He got seizures for 5min and they took him to the hospital.







He got Typhoid fever 2times 
1st time resolved in 7days
2nd time resolved in 9 days


79 Year old male who is a father of 4 children ( 2 sons and 2 daughters)..was used to run shop ( kirana shop) for about 18 years.He stopped looking after his shop from 2006 and he was looked after by his son's.

He was non alcoholic,non smoker.

10 years back , patient developed lesions on his both foot and went to the doctor and found to have diabetes and started on medication.and after 1 year ,with regular check up he was found to be Hypertensive and started on antihypertensive medication.

From 7 years onwards , patient was bedridden with foleys ( changed every 15 days ) and physiotherapy was done by his attenders daily, but there was no such improvement

PAST HISTORY  
 Patient is a k/c/o Hypertension and type 2 diabetes since past 10years for which he is on medications I.e tab TELMA AM 40mg po/od. Tab zoryl mv , po/od

PERSONAL HISTORY 

Appetite lost, 
Mixed diet
Bowel- constipated, 
Bladder regular 
No known allergies and Addictions.
 i.e non alcoholic and non smoker

Family History- no significant family history 

Treatment history   
 
•Tab TELMA AM 40mg po/od since past 10years
 •Tab zoryl mv , po/od
•Tab levipil 500mg since 2 years
• thyronorm 25mcg. Since5 years


GENERAL EXAMINATION 

On examination patient  is arousable but not oriented.
Pt not cooperative mostly. 
-PALLOR:PRESENT












NO PEDAL EDEMA, ICTERUS, CYANOSIS, CLUBBING, LYMPHADENOPATHY

VITALS ON ADMISSION 

PR-90 BPM
BP- 140/80MM HG
RR- 22 CPM
SPO2- 98% AT RA
GRBS - 183mg/dl

SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:

Respiratory :-

Inspection :  respiratory movements equal on both sides
Trachea central
palpation : apical impulse in left  5th  intercostal space 
Auscultation : normal vesicular breath sounds
Percussion- BAE+






CNS
PATIENT is  unconscious incoherent uncooperative


HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS- cannot be elecited
Speech 
Behaviour
Memory
Intelligence
Lobar functions


B/L PUPILS - NORMAL SIZE AND REACTIVE TO LIGHT

NO SIGNS OF MENINGEAL IRRITATION,

CRANIAL NERVES 
 

1. CN
Sence of Smell - N


2. CN
visual acuity -  decreased on left side


3,4,6 CN
EOM movement - could not perform 
Pupil size - 2, 3 mm
Direct light reflex/consensual light reflex/accommodation reflex - present, present
Ptosis - absent, absent
Nystagmus - absent, absent


5 CN
Sensory over face & buccal mucosa - N, N
Motor - masseter, Temporalis, pterigoids - N, N
Reflexes - Corneal,Conjunctival - N, N
Jaw jerk -


7 CN 
Motor
Nasolabial fold - equal om both sides
Occipito frontalis - equal om both sides
Orbicularis oculi - equal om both sides
Orbicular oris - equal om both sides
Buccinator - equal om both sides

Sensory:
Taste over anterior two third of tongue - cant be performed


8 CN - could not perform 
Rinnes test
Webers test


9, 10 CN -
Uvula palatal arches movements - N, N
Gag reflex - N
palatal reflex - N


11 CN - could not be elicited 
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid


12 CN 
wasting - no
Fasciculations - no
Tongue protrusion to midline - midline


 SENSORY SYSTEM- cannot be elicited 

Spinothalamic  sensation:
Crude touch
Pain  
Temperature

Dorsal column sensation
Fine touch 
Vibration
Propioception

Cortical sensation
Two point discrimination
Tactile localisation
Stereognosis
Graphathesia


MOTOR  EXAMINATION:                   
                           Right              n          left
                       UL. LL.                           UL. LL

   BULK        Normal                            Reduced                            

   TONE        Normal                            Hypotonia

   POWER Could not be elicited




SUPERFICIAL REFLEXS 
plantar reflex  
Left side babinski sign positive


DEEP REFLEXES
BICEPS, TRICEPS, SUPINATOR, KNEE ANKLE - abnormal


CEREBELLAR  EXAMINATION cannot be elicited


SIGNS OF MENINGEAL IRRITATION: absent

GAIT: patient unable to walk

CVS

ASCULTATION: S1S2 +,NO MURMURS

P/A
INSPECTION: UMBILICUS IS CENTRAL AND INVERTED, ALL QUADRANTS MOVING EQUALLY WITH RESPIRATION,NO SCARS,SINUSES, ENGORGED VEINS, PULSATIONS

AUSCULTATION: no bowel sounds heard
bed sores
C/o asymptomatic lesions all over the body since 2 months
H/o application of unknown topical medications used
O/e multiple hyperpigmented Macclesfield present all over the body with scaly lesions over the upper back
•Diffuse xerosis present
• single ulcer of size 1.5x1.5 cms (approx) over the back.
Diagnosis SENILE XEROSIS + post inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

INVESTIGATIONS:
 Anti HCV antibodies rapid -nonreactive
Blood urea -30mg/dl
HBA1C-6.7%
HbsAg rapid - negative
HIV 1/2 RAPID TEST - NON REACTIVE
TOTAL BILIRUBIN -0.81mg/dl(normal-0 to 1mg/dl)
Direct bilirubin-0.17mg/dl(0 to 0.2mg /dl)
Serum creatinine -0.9 mg/dl (0.8 to 1.3 mg /dl)


ABG
Ph 7.51
PCO2 29.5mmhg
Po2 67.5 mmhg


Electrolyte
Sodium 135meq/l
Potassium 3.5 meq/l
Chloride 98meq/l
Calcium -1.06 mmol/l



PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS 
Recurrent CVA with hypertension, type 2 DM, seizures disorder 

TREATMENT 

1) TAB ECOSPRIN 150 mg RT/OD
 
2) TAB CLOPIDOGREL 75 MG RT/OD 

3) TAB ATORVAS 20 MG RT/OD

4) NEBULISATION - 3% NS ,
                                 MUCUMZY 8th hourly 

5) CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY.

6) RT FEEDS 100 ML WATER 2nd HRLY
   50 ML Milk 2nd HRLY.

7) TAB. THYRONORM 25MCG RT/OD

8) TAB. LEVIPIL

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